Avatar Sociology and Jake Essay - 1547 Words

The argument that I will be talking about in my essay is how the themes inclusion, otherness and social solidarity take place in the movie avatar. All these three themes relate in many different ways to Jake and the atmosphere in the movie itself. The three philosophers that will be discussed are Durkheim, Goffman and Mead. The concepts that are used in this essay are to argue the thesis. Front stage and back stage, self, presentation of self, me and I (the diagram), social inclusion, organic solidarity, mechanical solidarity are the concepts that are argued in this essay. The film avatar is based on a character named Jake who is paralyzed from the waist down, he agrees to be sent on a mission to a whole new different world called†¦show more content†¦According to the mead, the concept of self is â€Å"something which has a development, it is not initially there, at birth but arises in the process of social experience and activity, that is, develops in the given individual as a result of his relations to that process was a whole and to other individuals within that process, (Mead, 1959:23)† Mead’s concept of ‘self’ relates to the film when avatar is sent to Pandora and he meets Neytiri, and as they start to get know each other better she describes him in way which he is like a baby who is making noises but doesn’t know what to do. The character of Neytiri relates to the concept of the self because Mead says that the self is something that is a development and arises in experiences and activity. In this case N eytiri, is trying to express that Jake is similar to a baby and has no sense of â€Å"me† and needs to experience living in the world of avatar’s to get a good sense of â€Å"me,† and ‘self’. However, Jake is trying to develop and get used to in a world, which is totally different from him; he faces many self-conflicts. The diagram â€Å"Fred and the personality structure† can narrate Jake and Neytiri and there conflicts. The diagram looks at the self conflict between the I and me. Throughout the movie the audience realize that Jake is narrating the plot and questions himself before making any decisions. This is an example of conflict between Me and I. What Jake is going through and his determination to do, which is

Plato s Views On The Virtue Of The Virtues Essay

â€Å"As far as I am concerned, the result is that I know nothing, for when I don t know what justice is, I ll hardly know whether it is a kind of virtue or not, or whether a person who has it is happy or unhappy† (Republic 354c) Plato presents Socrates as believing in the unity of the virtues, skeptical of those who, like Meno, wish to treat the virtues as distinct objects of inquiry in dialogues such as Laches, Protagoras, Meno, the Republic, and Euthyphro. These dialogues provide good reason to deny that Plato’s Socrates believed in the numerical identity of the virtues. I shall argue that in the various virtues is one essence (or ‘virtue’), as revealed in a conceptual search for definitional clarity and a metaphysical appeal to Form that encompasses innumerous virtues. I. For Socrates, an adequate definition will reveal the common quality that belongs to both all and only; and necessarily and sufficiently, instances of the virtue that is being defined. In Euthyphro, Socrates addresses these definitional issues by criticizing the paradox presented in the dialogue as follows: â€Å"And so Euthyphro, when you’re asked what the pious is, it looks as though you don’t want to reveal its being to me, but rather to tell me one of its affections—that this happens to the pious, that its loved by all the gods† (Euthyphro 11a). The term ‘being’ here I will interpret as essence, the more commonly utilized semantic in translations of Plato (Ross 2006). An appropriateShow MoreRelatedPlato s Views On Morality And Virtue1819 Words   |  8 PagesSocrates in intellectual argument with a fellow philosopher: Protagoras who claims to be Sophists (professional expert in wisdom) they both use various arguments and counter arguments to prove their arguments on the topic of piety and virtue. Socrates believed that Virtues is something that could not be taught or learned, where Protagoras claimed that he can teach people â€Å"good judgement† in both personal affairs, civil issues and teach political science so that his students will become good citizensRead MoreKant And Kant s Philosophy On Ethics970 Words   |  4 Pagesquestion. A dictionary describes ethics as-moral principles that govern a person s or group s behavior. Is there a universal ethical behavior ? Are all countries ethical ? Theses very same questions many philosophers have tried to figure through time from Socrates to Immanuel kant (and to this very day for the matter!). While comparing two great eathist Plato and Immanuel Kant I, the writer argue that Kant s ideological views on ethics were far superior to Plato’s due to several factors. For one KantRead MoreEssay about Morals and Ethics1134 Words   |  5 Pages Plato, Aristo tle, Augustine, and Nietzsche all had their own ideas for which one could reach happiness in his/her life. All have similarities in there reasoning except Nietzshe, who contradicts the others entirely. Plato states that to understand virtue is happiness. In turn virtue suffices for happiness and is necessary. Also he intuits that human reasoning prevails over spirited element or a person?s appetite. Aristotle?s arguments relate with Plato, but he builds more to it and finds his ownRead MoreSocrates And Aristotle s Life1491 Words   |  6 Pagesdepends upon awareness and the power of contemplation rather than upon mere survival. The earliest accounts of human history chronicle the struggle for survival against all odds. It is therefore remarkable that roughly 2400 years ago the question of virtue was raised, let alone contemplated at great length, forming a foundation upon which Western philosophers build to the present day. Socrates and Aristotle were two key individuals credited for their roles in the advent of Classical philosophy. MenRead MoreComparing Aristotle s 8 1455 Words   |  6 PagesNow the question is what values should one have to rule, what makes them qualified compared to others. Plato outlines the different aspects of government and why he believes an aristocracy would be better form of government. In book 8 Socrates starts to wrap up his depiction of a just city. He starts to break down the four unjust constitutions of the city and man. Timocracy, which is represented by the honor-driven man who resembles and rules that sort of government. There is an oligarchy, ruledRead MorePlato s Euthyphro And Apology893 Words   |  4 Pagescharacteristics of wisdom. Though Plato was one of the earliest philosophers, the topic of wisdom is still debated by modern philosophers today, contemplating questions such as â€Å"What are the classifications of ‘wisdom’?† According to Plato’s two dialogues, the characteristics of wisdom have a strong correlation with the characteristics of â€Å"being a good person†. This concept highlights the values of virtue and selflessness and at the same time juxtapose views on virtue while taking into account the differentRead MoreSocrates : The Suicide Of Socrates1405 Words   |  6 Pagesfocus was on how to live a good and moral life. A quote that backed that up was an unexami ned life is not worth living (Apology, 38b), which is said by Plato. It is argued that Socrates believed ideals belong in a world only the wise man can understand, making the philosopher the only type of person suitable to govern others. In Plato s writings, Socrates has openly objected to the democracy that ran Athens during his adult life. . Socrates opposition to democracy is often denied, and theRead MoreThe Formations Of The Mankind System1568 Words   |  7 Pagesjustice, being on everyone s lips, is used so often that it may signify nearly anything. Though one of the main meanings given by modern people is the interchangeability of justice with the word â€Å"fairness†. Indeed, in any situation occurred in our everyday life we all want to be treated in a fair way, because we believe that we deserve equal and unbiased treatment - one should not be paid any less because of gender, one should not be judged more roughly because of one s skin color or one should notRead MorePlato And Aristotle s Theories Of Utilitarianism And Kantian Ethic s1408 Words   |  6 PagesThe ancient theories of Plato and Aristotle differ greatly from the contemporary theories of Utilitarianism and Kantian ethics. Plato and Aristotle focused on the importance of virtue in an individual’s life. Plato believed that purity of the soul was the most important thing in life and can be achieved by mastering the four virtues: justice, wisdom, courage, and moderation. Aristotle believed that the goal of human life was to achieve happiness, which is made possible by the cultivation of a justRead MoreAristotle s Realism Philosophy And Philosophy1590 Words   |  7 PagesRealism is an educational philosophy; furthermore it is a teaching that stresses knowledge that develops from one s own senses.in my opinion this is great idea for educational philosphy, because it shows that sense deveolpement is the realest possible learning to have. Under this philosophy the idea exists that there is a real world not constructed by human minds, that can be known by one s own mind. It is through experiencing the world around everyone in which one learns the guiding principles and

The Aboriton Controversy Essay Research Paper The free essay sample

The Aboriton Controversy Essay, Research Paper The Abortion Controversy For centuries, abortion has been a het subject among all peoples. Ever since abortions have been performed in the United States, they have been protested and debated by many. Both sides of the issue have been aggressively disputed to no help. One of the most celebrated abortion instances is that of Roe vs. Wade. It was the really instance that made abortion Torahs what they are today. In 1973, abortion was legalized under the constitutional right to privateness ( Sproul 77 ) . Ever since so abortion has been in and out of the tribunals, and I don # 8217 ; t see that halting anytime shortly. In fact, after the Supreme Court made its determination in 1973, the figure of abortions rose rather obviously ( www.plannedparenthood.com ) . However, since 1989, the figure of abortions in the United States has been worsening. This is most likely attributed to both practical and political factors, including altering attitudes and better methods of birth control. We will write a custom essay sample on The Aboriton Controversy Essay Research Paper The or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page While abortions are now legal in the U.S. , this now presents the inquiry widely asked: Are abortions the right thing to make? Everyone has his or her ain reply to this inquiry. Each single carries his or her positions on the subject, most being either pro-life or pro-choice. There are even strong anti-abortion groups that act out in violent manners. We hear of infinite abortion clinic bombardments and slayings of physicians who perform this process. Although it is non highly common, there are 209 incidents on record in the U.S. since 1984 ( Cameron 17 ) . This, in my eyes defeats the whole intent of being pro-life . If person is so concerned about the public assistance of an unborn kid, killing a physician or even the female parent transporting the kid is double incorrect. In fact, about half the adult females in the United States will hold an abortion during her generative old ages. Seventy per centum of these adult females intend to hold kids sometime in the hereafter. Among those holding abortions, three quarters of them are # 8220 ; non ready to hold a kid # 8221 ; , two-thirds # 8220 ; can non afford it # 8221 ; , and half # 8220 ; do non desire to be a individual parent # 8221 ; ( www.plannedparenthood.com ) . I, personally, see myself to be pro-choice. Abortion International Relations and Security Network # 8217 ; t needfully ever the reply, but in some instances it is. I believe each intelligent adult female has a right to make up ones mind for herself what to make to her body-to a point, that is. A adult female should be able to do a determination based on the ain ethical motives and beliefs and life fortunes, with out anyone else irrupting. But I besides believe that every state of affairs is different. There are different effects to weigh out for each adult female. I am cognizant that abortion is a large determination to do, but in some state of affairss many adult females experience it is the lone thing to make. Take colza for illustration. The kid is the guiltless 1 in this instance, and most times the male parent is the guilty 1. However, there is a immense psychological strain to be dealt with by merely the adult female. Why would she desire to transport the kid of a adult male w ho committed a violent act such as colza on her? Another place where I find it about obligatory is in the instance of incest. As this International Relations and Security Network # 8217 ; t awful plenty as it is, an added issue of gestation is lay waste toing. In these instances, I believe that sometimes abortion is the lone reply.

Consumption Between Underage Youth Adults â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Consumption Between Underage Youth Adults? Answer: Introduction In todays world, consumption of tobacco and Alcoholic product is growing globally. These products badly affect the health of civilian. In concern to this, government considers increase in the tax rates on cigarette and alcohol. Present paper describes the incidence of different types of alcohol products and Cigarette consumption in United States. Alcoholic items and cigarette are often considered as complementary product. In United State, beer is found to be more closely related with cigarette. United State takes attempts to reduce smoking by increasing tax rate on cigarette. Apart from than cigarette is ban in the prison of Isle of Man to reduce crime rate in the state. Alcohol and Tobacco market In the Alcohol market in United State, three widely consumed drinks are Beer, Wine and Spirit. Demand for beer is ahead of Wine and Spirit market. People in America spend a considerable amount in beer retail stores. In the composition of beer, the level of alcohol is least. This is one of the reasons for having a large share in beverage market. There are microbreweries and macro breweries in the market (Siegel et al., 2015). In the beer market, there is competition among different beer brands. Wine market in United State is globally one of the largest markets. Demand for Wine is growing day by day. In addition to domestic production, a significant volume is imported to fulfill domestic demand. Previously Wine is mostly used in occasions. Now, people increase their demand for Wine. Some dominating brands in Wine market are Treasury Wine Estates, Constellation Brands, Bronco Wine Company and Gallo Wine Company (statista.com, 2017). Tobacco Market The cigarette market is quite large in USA as like the alcohol market. There are different types of cigarette available in the market. Some of these are Regular Cigarette, Cigar; a new variety is e-cigarette. US government increases tax on cigarette items (Anderson Nelgen, 2015). Therefore, to maintain sales volume, seller brings changes in selling strategies and introduces newer products. Alcohol and tobacco items both are addictive in nature. More often people consume both cigarette and alcohol at the same time. This intensifies addiction. A complementary relation exists between alcohol and cigarette. This is supported by the report published in the article. In an attempt to reduce smoking, when US government increases tax rate then obvious impact is a decrease in cigarette demand. This however also brings a reduction is beer demand (washingtonpost.com, 2017). The inverse relation between price of cigarette and beer demand indicates that the products are complementary. Impact of health warnings on cigarette packaging on beer demand Figure 1: health warning on cigarette packaging and beer market (Source: as created by the Author) Cigarette is harmful for health. Suppose the government orders to give health warning on each cigarette packet. This might impacts on cigarette purchase by reducing the demand for cigarette. Same as when tax on cigarette reduces cigarette demand as well as beer demand health warning will impact on beer demand in the same way (Subbaraman, 2016). Figure 1 above depicts the picture of beer market. The initial demand curve is DD which now shift leftward and becomes dd. The likely impact of this a decline in both price and demand in the beer market. Effect of Yeast shortage on Cigarette purchase Figure 2: effect of yeast shortage and cigarette purchase (Source: As created by Author) A supply shortage in yeast creates a supply shortage in the beer market as yeast is used in making beer. From the normal supply demand framework in the market, supply shortage lead to a price increases in beer market resulting in a decrease in demand (Fine, 2016). When beer demand reduces then purchase of cigarette will also reduce as many people smokes at times of drinking beer. Same as above the cigarette demand curve will shift inward from its original position and consequently price and quantity in the market reduced. Cigarette ban and crime rate The addiction of smoking is more common than drinking. Consuming tobacco is less costly than drinking wine or beer. The demand for any addictive has less inelasticity. People generally do not want to leave this habit. Once get addicted people even involve in crime activities to support their addiction. One way to reduce smoking and resulted crime is to increase price of cigarette by taxation. However, taxation is not very effective way to reduce crime rate. (Walters, 2013). Isle of Man designs a different strategy to reduce crime rate in the region. The strategy is to ban smoking in the prison. Once people do any crime and sent to the prison they are compelled to leave smoking. Smoking is completely ban in this prison. It is seen that the policy effectively reduces crime rate by almost 14% (dailymail.co.uk, 2017). The fear that once criminals get imprisoned they are not allowed to smoke anymore stops them to do any crime for a mere reason. Smoking is strictly prohibited in the prison building. All those who stay in the building such as inmates, guards have to give up smoking along with other convicts. The crime rate is already low in this area because of a considerably low unemployment rate. The smoking ban in prison further reduces the crime rate. Leaving any kind of addiction is not an easy task. Realizing the difficulty supplements to cigarette is provided. Proper counseling is undertaken for the convicts to help them to completely get rid of smoking. Conclusion The report presents insight of alcohol and tobacco market in United State. Increased tax on cigarette reduces cigarette purchase and reduces demand for beer. This suggests complementarily between cigarette and beer. Because of the complementary relation a health warning on cigarette package can have a impact on beer market. Similarly yeast shortage in beer market reduces cigarette purchase. Smoking ban in Isle of Man successfully reduces crime crate in this area. References Anderson, K., Nelgen, S. (2015).Global wine markets, 1961 to 2009: a statistical compendium(p. 468). University of Adelaide Press. Drop in crime on Isle of Man attributed to Europe's only non-smoking prison. (2017).Mail Online. Retrieved 14 September 2017, from https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1239209/Drop-crime-Isle-Man-attributed-Europes-non-smoking-prison.html Facts, U. (2017).Topic: Wine Market.www.statista.com. Retrieved 14 September 2017, from https://www.statista.com/topics/1541/wine-market Fine, B. (2016). Microeconomics.University of Chicago Press Economics Books. Siegel, M., Chen, K., DeJong, W., Naimi, T. S., Ostroff, J., Ross, C. S., Jernigan, D. H. (2015). Differences in alcohol brand consumption between underage youth and adultsUnited States, 2012.Substance abuse,36(1), 106-112. Subbaraman, M. S. (2016). Substitution and Complementarity of Alcohol and Cannabis: A Review of the Literature.Substance use misuse,51(11), 1399-1414. Walters, G. D. (2013).Drugs, Crime, and Their Relationships. Jones Bartlett Publishers. Want people to drink less? Make their cigarettes more expensive. (2017).Washington Post. Retrieved 14 September 2017, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2014/10/27/want-people-to-drink-less-make-their-cigarettes-more-expensive/?utm_term=.6a90eaa33261

The emperors new car Essay Example For Students

The emperors new car Essay The Presidents Old CarsOnce upon a time in the very country you live in, there was a president who learned a lesson the hard way. See the president loved cars, new cars, fast cars, slow cars, rusted out cars, it didnt matter, if he saw a car he wanted, he bought it. Most other leaders were helping their countries to become stronger, while ours was off buying cars. Then there came that memorable day when our president learned his lesson. While out shopping for new cars, the president came across one he didnt have. It was a 1986 Ford Escort. It was all rusty, missing hubcaps, and squeaked as he drove it down the road. But while talking to the car salesman, he never worried about what was wrong with it. The salesman (trying to get rid of this piece of junk) told the president that this car was in great shape and there would probably never be another car like this one. He also told the president that if anyone tried to tell him that this car was loud and smoked that they were just jealous and making it up. The president, happy to hear that someone might be jealous of him bought the car right away with his countrys money. We will write a custom essay on The emperors new car specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now On his way home people lined the streets to see his new purchase. Many laughed and pointed as his Escort smoked putted along the street. The president remembering what the car salesman had said thought these people were just jealous and pretending that his car was making all the smoke and noise. So he proudly drove around his 4-speed car through the streets ignoring everyone that laughed at him. Now during the time the president was out buying new cars the American people more money because their jobs werent paying enough. The president was giving less and less money every time he gave out money, so he would have money to buy a new car. The fact that his people were starting to starve didnt bother him at all. A couple of weeks later he was out to buy another car. He went back to the salesman that had sold him the Escort earlier. The president told the salesman that people actually laughed at his previous purchase. Then the salesman and president laughed because they were sure that those people were just jealous and making that stuff up about the car. Even though the salesman knew that those people were right about the car, he didnt tell the president because he wanted to make more money by selling more useless cars. The president then came across a garbage truck. He had never bought a garbage truck before and thought that it would help make his collection more complete. On the outside the truck wasnt too bad, they had at least washed it. But inside was a mess. There was still trash in the back of the truck too! The truck gave off a horrible smell, and people knew when the president was coming miles before he even got there. Again the salesman told the president that there wasnt any smell, and the people only said that because they still jealous of what the president could buy. One day the president had a meeting with his workers. They tried to tell the president that this car salesman was ripping him off. They told him of the countrys problems with money, and that he shouldnt spend the peoples money on cars that are useless, and that people werent lying when they said that his cars smelled, or smoked out of the engine, and fell apart as he drove down the road. He ignored them again and said that wouldnt understand, and that the country had plenty of money. .uc7fd47fd92c8b616dd9d148c9d8cabde , .uc7fd47fd92c8b616dd9d148c9d8cabde .postImageUrl , .uc7fd47fd92c8b616dd9d148c9d8cabde .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc7fd47fd92c8b616dd9d148c9d8cabde , .uc7fd47fd92c8b616dd9d148c9d8cabde:hover , .uc7fd47fd92c8b616dd9d148c9d8cabde:visited , .uc7fd47fd92c8b616dd9d148c9d8cabde:active { border:0!important; } .uc7fd47fd92c8b616dd9d148c9d8cabde .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc7fd47fd92c8b616dd9d148c9d8cabde { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc7fd47fd92c8b616dd9d148c9d8cabde:active , .uc7fd47fd92c8b616dd9d148c9d8cabde:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc7fd47fd92c8b616dd9d148c9d8cabde .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc7fd47fd92c8b616dd9d148c9d8cabde .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc7fd47fd92c8b616dd9d148c9d8cabde .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc7fd47fd92c8b616dd9d148c9d8cabde .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc7fd47fd92c8b616dd9d148c9d8cabde:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc7fd47fd92c8b616dd9d148c9d8cabde .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc7fd47fd92c8b616dd9d148c9d8cabde .uc7fd47fd92c8b616dd9d148c9d8cabde-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc7fd47fd92c8b616dd9d148c9d8cabde:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Mind Of A Serial Killer EssayThen while driving down the road in his garbage truck the president noticed something. He saw thousands of people living in the streets! He had never seen so many homeless people before. This time they werent pointing at his truck, instead they were throwing anything they could find at him. Then finally they tore the garbage truck up so much that it couldnt be driven any more. When the president go out he asked why they were mad at him, it wasnt his fault they were homeless, was it? They told him that because he had spent so much money on cars that barely ran, that he had no money to give to them. The president quickly came up with a plan t o get the peoples money back. He took all his cars back except his bicycle to the salesman. He yelled at him telling the salesman he had lied to him, and that he wanted to sell all his cars back, or he would deport him to Afghanistan! The salesman agreed and gave the president back all the money. The president then gave the money to all his people and thanked them for always being honest, even when he didnt listen. The president never bought another car, and rode his bike everywhere thanking his country. He was then voted as the president 5 more times, and made the U.S.A. the strongest country in the world.

Ap Lang Synthesis Essay - Sample

Ap Lang Synthesis Essay - SampleThe Ap Lang Synthesis Essay - Sample is the ideal study aid that will allow you to take a basic outline and begin to develop a class writing guide. This helps you build your own class essay topics on a more personalized basis.A sample essay from Ap Lang synthesizes just one of several essays, you may want to use in a grade-school curriculum. It is a really good choice for grade-school level students and could prove helpful for some college students. The essay sample includes additional sample sentences, examples, homework, practice sheets, class activities, an outline, and a teacher's guide. It does not include chapter headings or student handouts.When you take this sample essay and develop it yourself, you will have the benefit of the numerous Ap Lang essay examples that are included in the course. If you use one of these to plan your own essay, you will be able to see how others plan their own essays. The more that you use Ap Lang essay examples, the better you will understand the structure of AP English composition.The material in the course gives you a chance to develop ideas that will help you work your way through a variety of courses in English composition. This allows you to study different essay topics that may help you later on in the school system, college, or career field. The sample also helps you improve your own writing skills.In addition to AP English course resources, you can use the Ap Lang essay sample to create a class syllabus for your own English classes. You will learn the structure of the AP syllabus and how to plan the class curriculum for your grade-school students. Using Ap Lang essay samples to plan your own syllabus will help you learn how to properly organize an AP English class.If you use the Ap Lang essay sample to write your own school project, you will see the variety of papers that you can use to write. This is a fantastic tool for building an important writing paper for your school projects. Th is article is one example of the many styles and themes that you can use to complete a thesis or business proposal. Writing your own papers will give you the opportunity to explore different topics and uses to write a detailed document.As you learn how to use the Ap Lang synthesis essay, you will realize the broad scope of writing topics that are available. There are many wonderful writing subjects that you can use to create and express your ideas. The individual course samples give you an opportunity to develop your own writing style and develop ideas on which topics you are interested in.

3 Types of Errors in Treatment of Numbers

3 Types of Errors in Treatment of Numbers 3 Types of Errors in Treatment of Numbers 3 Types of Errors in Treatment of Numbers By Mark Nichol When expressing numbers in writing, take care to avoid erroneous styling of number ranges, mixed fractions, and multiple references to categorically similar numbers. The following examples, each of which is followed by a discussion and a revision, exemplify these three categories of style issues. 1. He said there are between 10-15 billion such devices online. Three ways to express a number range are â€Å"from (first number) to (second number),† â€Å"between (first number) and (second number), and â€Å"(first number)–(second number).† The third choice features an en dash, though some publications, for the sake of simplicity, use a hyphen, and many writers do so because they are unaware of the distinction. More significantly, that option is appropriate only for numerals, while the first and second choices apply to both numerals and spelled-out numbers. However, do not mix from or between with an en dash (or a hyphen) when expressing a number range; to correctly format the given sentence, choose from among the following treatments: â€Å"He said there are from 10 to 15 billion such devices online,† â€Å"He said there are between 10 and 15 billion such devices online,† and â€Å"He said there are 10–15 billion such devices online.† 2. The pitchers combined for 32/3 shutout innings. When, in a mixed fraction, the fraction is set as a case fraction (with small upper and lower numbers separated by a narrow horizontal line), the letter space is unnecessary, but for clarity, it is essential when the fraction is expressed vertically, as here: â€Å"The pitchers combined for 3 2/3 shutout innings.† 3. The process should be documented over a six- to 24-month period. The Associated Press Style Book recommends spelling out numbers up to nine and (with some exceptions) using numerals for larger numbers, even when two or more numbers in each category appear in proximity in a reference to related amounts or values. However, Chicago puts the breaking point at more than one hundred, so in this example, both numbers would be spelled out: â€Å"The process should be documented over a six- to twenty-four-month period.† (But if the numbers are unrelated, as in the following sentence, there is no need for consistency: â€Å"Even as recently as 200 years ago, a fifty-mile journey was a major undertaking.†) (Both style manuals are helpful to writers, but I favor Chicago as a more comprehensive resource that encourages a more sophisticated approach to writing than the AP Style Book, which models a simple, more functional prose style.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:60 Synonyms for â€Å"Walk†20 Words Meaning "Being or Existing in the Past""To Tide You Over"