A nutritional disease of childhood associated with a maize diet Essay

A nutritional disease of childhood associated with a maize diet - Essay Example actor related to a dietary deficiency, perhaps a form of protein malnutrition, on account of a lack of some amino acids in the diet of the affected children which was entirely based on inadequate breast milk supplemented by a maize preparation. Despite certain similarities in the symptoms of the described syndrome and pellagra, Williams was quite certain that the disease was not pellagra or beri-beri. In this paper a new disease has been meticulously described with detailed information provided about the familial circumstances and dietary habits of the suffering children. However, as the author herself states, it was â€Å"impossible to conduct a scientific investigation into the cause, or to make any controlled experiments into the nature of the cure† (p.432). As a Woman Medical Officer in charge of maternal and child health in the British colony of Gold Coast, Williams’ job was â€Å"to hand out advice in clinics and treat acutely ill infants in the hospital, but she rapidly established the need for comprehensive medical services to sick infants, and in addition conducted clinical research† (Stanton, 2001, p 149). The disease, subsequently named by Williams as kwashiorkor, meaning ‘disease of the deposed child’ in the native Ga language, is now well-defined although the â€Å"descriptions and interpretations of kwashiorkor have changed over ti me† (Stanton, 2001, p 151). Kwashiorkor has come to be recognised as a form of malnutrition caused by inadequate protein intake in the presence of fair to good energy (total calories) intake (Van Voorhees, 2006). Fuchs (2005) describes protein caloric malnutrition as the most deadly form of malnutrition. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), it is the primary or associated cause of nearly 30000 deaths of children under five each day (2000). The aetiology of kwashiorkor as understood today is clearly multifactorial and includes poverty or food insecurity, inadequate weaning and other feeding practices, and

CAUSE AND EFFECT ESSAY Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

CAUSE AND EFFECT - Essay Example It is also possible that one of these two people might tell others who would further tell the remaining staff that is working within the organization and hence the gossip can turn really nasty at the end. Having informal gossips in the workplace suggests that the employees are not concentrating properly on their assigned tasks and the bosses take particular note of this fact. They mention these points to the employees who like to gossip a lot and also warn them from time to time so that the gossip within the workplace is reduced drastically. The effects of this workplace gossip are that the employees have a bad image within the organization and they are not taken in high esteem. They are also told of concentrating on their own duties rather than wasting their times on having useless gossips all the time. Workplace gossips also mean that the employees have lost a lot of interest in their work and they do not find their job challenging enough. The employers should provide comfort to these types of employees by changing their job nature or making their job focus a bit more different. They can also be delegated work in a different manner so that they feel at ease with the working methods . The employers generally do not like the employees who gossip a lot and are always suggesting some ways as to how they can control this problem. They find different means and ways through which workplace gossip could be reduced. It is a fact that employees are also humans and they need to talk to each other because after all a workplace is essentially not a jail but the restroom is one such place where they can hold their conversations. Even in lunch time they can chat over in an informal manner but when they are at their desk and doing work then that means work is everything and gossip holds no place within the office boundaries. Similarly, plants and

Self-Report Measures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Self-Report Measures - Essay Example They are ideal tools when the researcher wishes to study a few participants in greater detail (Stangor, 2010). A typical example would be the use of T.A.T. (Thematic Apperception Test) cards to gather data from the participants. The stories told by participants yield rich data; but it can become very cumbersome to study a large sample in this manner. Fixed Format Self Report measures, on the other hand, are techniques that limit the number of responses that a subject can give to any answer by providing alternatives, or scaled attributes; where the participant indicates one (or more) of the alternatives provided as a response. With such measures, the data obtained is easily analyzed with quantitative techniques; but is limited in that the participant cannot give a response that is not provided among the options (Stangor, 2010). A typical example would be the use if Likert Scales to measure the extent of agreement or disagreement with a particular issue. Such measures can be used with a large sample size; often many individuals can be asked to contribute data at the same time. Explain the advantages of free-format self-report measures and fixed-format self-report measures. No.

The Channel Tunnel Project and the Way in Which It Was Planned and Essay

The Channel Tunnel Project and the Way in Which It Was Planned and Expected To Be Carried Out - Essay Example This essay explores the Project Management Process which is made up of three stages namely; Project Initiation, Control, and Closure. Generally, the Project Initiation Stage is described as a sequence of steps which include the Kick-Off Stage, the Project Objective and Scope, Project Schedule and Budgeting, Stage Schedule and Budgeting, Project Organization, Project Control Procedures, Business Case, and Project Initiation Stage Assessment. Project Control-This stage involves arranging of various project activities into a series of steps. These steps fall into four categories, namely; a step to initiate the stage, steps that are continuously undertaken throughout the stages. There should be clearly recognized control measures for all the processes. The project control procedures should be incorporated into the project plan. Such procedures include quality, progress, change and version controls alongside issue resolution. In the project control, there should be a proper administration system, detailing the role that each person is going to undertake in order to ensure the success of the project. There needs to be a quality control procedure. The management should have in place mechanisms sable in ensuring the quality products from the project. There need to be change control procedures for the project. This should be taken into account to avoid it impacting on the schedule, costs, and quality of the final product. There should also be established issue resolution procedure to tackle any issues that may arise during the project control process. Finally, there should be a regular review of the project control procedures. This should ensure that the Project Controls are in place. Project Closure- This stage helps formally close the project in a way that institutes instruments for the continuous development and upgrading of the final project product standard process for this project by updating the models of estimation so that the project resources can be re-deploye d. Projects are normally designed to end at some point. The lessons learned on how to undertake similar projects better in the future should be captured for future use. These will help the project management team have a better idea of how long the various activities on this type of project will take to do. There will be a lot of data generated in the process of undertaking a project, and this should be stored with diverse degrees of the procedure by the team.

The Marginalists Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Marginalists - Term Paper Example This means that excess demand or supply in one market would be offset by another in a different market. The same phenomenon holds for the state of disequilibrium such that all markets exist at disequilibrium simultaneously. In his approach of returns to scale, Marshall noted that a firm’s productivity increase more proportionately in the short run. This occurs because of effects of specialization of labor and existence of fixed costs. In the long run, a firm experiences a proportionate increase in productivity since the fixed costs are exhausted and that the firm can no longer benefit from specialization (Canterbery 135). It is vital to note that when a firm is harnessing economies of scale, it reaches its minimum effect scale at a level that other firms cannot harness over a short period thereby causing monopoly. Clark’s arguments rest on the productive capacity of the last unit of capital. In this sense, heterogonous capital goods have a form as homogenous goods (Canterbery 127). The productivity of the last homogenous quantity determines the profit. This differed from the Karl’s view of heterogonous goods as determination of profits. The criticism of this theory regards the fact that Clark present production units as abstract concepts that do not unify to influence

Coke and Pepsi Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Coke and Pepsi - Essay Example cator of working capital, also means that Coca Cola operated within its working capital range and was therefore not in a good position to pay for its current liabilities as they fell due. A comparison of the company’s current ratio with the ratio in the period ended 2011 suggests a decline because 2011 had a current ratio of 1.399. This raises concern because the company could be experiencing a continuously declining solvency potential and may compromise stakeholders such as suppliers and investors. Pepsi reported a current ratio of 1.095. Like the ratio for Coca Cola, this was low, compared to the recommended ratio of 2:1. The organization therefore operated close to its working capital and was unlikely to meet its short-term liabilities as they fell due. Pepsi’s current ratio for the year ended 2011 was however 0.961, an indication that current liabilities were more than current assets. Consequently, Pepsi experienced an improvement in its ability to meet its current liabilities, from the year ended 2011 to the year ended 2012 (Debarshi, 2011). Pepsi is doing better in management of its current assets and liabilities, into better solvency. This is because it reported a higher ratio than Coca Cola did, 1.095 compared to Coca Cola’s 1.071. In addition, Pepsi improved its ratio in the year 2012 while the ratio for Coca Cola decreased to suggest better management in Pepsi than in Coca Cola. Coca Cola had better profitability than Pepsi. Return on assets measures effectiveness in use of assets to generate income. Higher values are therefore preferred. Coca Cola had a return on assets ratio of 11.46, a value higher than Pepsi’s 8.33 percent and this suggests more effective assets management in Coca Cola. The following table summarizes the companies’ return on assets ratios for the years 2010, 2011, and 2012. In addition, Coca Cola experienced improvements in its profitability over the period while profitability of Pepsi declined. Pepsi, however reported

Employment Law and Labour Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Employment Law and Labour Market - Essay Example To begin with, this goal is important to employees due to several reasons. One of the ways through which the CIPD is championing for better work and working lives for the employees is through requesting the employers to allow the employees work for more hours (CIPD, Megatrends: The trends shaping work and working lives, 2013). This would mean that the employees would walk home with better pay for the extra hours they were allowed to work. This factor goes a long way in changing the lives of the employees for the better. On the other side, these organisations that allow the employees to work for more or extra hours also stand a chance to receive a greater productivity. It will mean that the organisations will remain open for longer hours than the normal hours of operation, hence being more productive (JOOS, 2008). The Labour Market Outlook spring 2013 report has suggested that the pattern of employment in the UK would continue during the second quarter of 2013. The spring quarter net employment balance-which measure the difference between the proportion of employers who would like to increase their staff levels and the proportion of employers who would like to reduce their staff levels-as recently risen. This proportion has risen to +9 from +5 according to that report. This, to the employees would mean better lives as many unemployed individuals will get employment hence making their working lives better. It is also important for the employers to add more employees to their organisations in order not to overwork the current employees they have (NIGELWR, 2011). When the number of employees in an organisation is large, the employees tend to enjoy working in the organisation since the working conditions are normally improved. There would be leaves, offs and shifts in the working calendar, something that is not found in most of the organisations. Once the working conditions are improved, the employees will be motivated to work better. Motivated employees would work better both for the benefits of themselves and that of the organization (Van Wanrooy, et al., 2012). There would be qualitative and quantitative increase in the organisation’s level of productivity. There would be many employees joining the trade unions which would then be made stronger or reinforced to continue fighting for the labour rights of the employees. The strengths of the labour or trade unions lie in the numbers of their members. It would then mean that several trade unions would emerge to champion for the labour rights of their employees and those of the organisations or employers concerned. This therefore would mean that the UK economy at large would grow for the better due to better working lives for the entire employees in the UK. A country with a happy and motivated workforce is one that is championed towards greater achievements in its growth and development as far as economic, political, demographic, and other forms of development are concerned. The 2013 spri ng LMO report also noted that slack labour market creates battlegrounds for the job seekers. It is therefore important that the CIPD champions for better work and work lives so the rate of jobseekers can reduce by reducing the slackness in the labour market. Although the recent report indicates the edging number of job seekers, it also indicates the challenges faced by the jobseekers that lie behind the unemployment figures, especially those job seekers who seek for unskilled or low-skilled roles (CLEMENTS, 2012).